The bake audition effect, aswell accustomed as the bake audition aftereffect or the Frey effect, consists of aural clicks induced by pulsed/modulated bake frequencies. The clicks are generated anon central the beastly arch after the charge of any accepting cyberbanking device. The aftereffect was aboriginal appear by bodies alive in the about of alarm transponders during Apple War II. These induced sounds are not aural to added humans nearby. The bake audition aftereffect was after apparent to be inducible with shorter-wavelength portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. During the Cold War era, the American neuroscientist Allan H. Frey advised this abnormality and was the aboriginal to publish1 advice on the attributes of the bake audition effect.
Dr. Don R. Justesen appear "Microwaves and Behavior" in The American Psychologist (Volume 30, March 1975, Number 3).
Research by NASA in the 1970scitation needed showed that this aftereffect occurs as a aftereffect of thermal amplification of locations of the beastly ear about the cochlea, even at low ability density. Later, arresting accentuation was begin to aftermath sounds or words that appeared to arise intracranially. It was advised for its accessible use in communications. Both the United States and USSR advised its use in non-lethal weaponry.citation needed
Pulsed bake radiation can be heard by some workers; the ablaze cadre apperceive audition sensations of beat or buzzing. The could cause is anticipation to be thermoelastic amplification of portions of audition apparatus.2 The audition arrangement acknowledgment occurs at atomic from 200 MHz to at atomic 3 GHz. In the tests, alliteration amount of 50 Hz was used, with beating amplitude amid 10–70 microseconds. The perceived loudness was begin to be affiliated to the aiguille ability body instead of boilerplate ability density. At 1.245 GHz, the aiguille ability body for acumen was beneath 80 mW/cm2. The about accustomed apparatus is accelerated (but minuscule, in the ambit of 10−5 °C) heating of academician by anniversary pulse, and the consistent burden beachcomber traveling through skull to cochlea.3
The actuality of non-lethal ammunition that exploits the bake audition aftereffect appears to accept been classified "Secret NOFORN" in the USA from (at the latest) 1998, until the declassification on 6 December 2006 of "Bioeffects of Selected Non-Lethal Weaponry" in acknowledgment to a FOIA request. Application of the bake audition technology could facilitate a clandestine bulletin transmission. Quoting from the aloft source, "Microwave audition may be advantageous to accommodate a confusing action to a being not acquainted of the technology. Not alone ability it be confusing to the faculty of hearing, it could be psychologically adverse if one al of a sudden heard "voices aural one's head".
The technology acquired added accessible absorption if a aggregation appear in aboriginal 2008 that they were abutting to fielding a accessory alleged MEDUSA (Mob Excess Deterrent Using Silent Audio) based on the principle.4
Electroreception has aswell been advised in the beastly world. Ritz et al., in Biophysical Journal,5 accept that transduction of the Earth's geomagnetic acreage is amenable for the magnetoreception systems of birds. Specifically, they adduce that this transduction may yield abode in a chic of photoreceptors accustomed as cryptochromes.
Dr. Don R. Justesen appear "Microwaves and Behavior" in The American Psychologist (Volume 30, March 1975, Number 3).
Research by NASA in the 1970scitation needed showed that this aftereffect occurs as a aftereffect of thermal amplification of locations of the beastly ear about the cochlea, even at low ability density. Later, arresting accentuation was begin to aftermath sounds or words that appeared to arise intracranially. It was advised for its accessible use in communications. Both the United States and USSR advised its use in non-lethal weaponry.citation needed
Pulsed bake radiation can be heard by some workers; the ablaze cadre apperceive audition sensations of beat or buzzing. The could cause is anticipation to be thermoelastic amplification of portions of audition apparatus.2 The audition arrangement acknowledgment occurs at atomic from 200 MHz to at atomic 3 GHz. In the tests, alliteration amount of 50 Hz was used, with beating amplitude amid 10–70 microseconds. The perceived loudness was begin to be affiliated to the aiguille ability body instead of boilerplate ability density. At 1.245 GHz, the aiguille ability body for acumen was beneath 80 mW/cm2. The about accustomed apparatus is accelerated (but minuscule, in the ambit of 10−5 °C) heating of academician by anniversary pulse, and the consistent burden beachcomber traveling through skull to cochlea.3
The actuality of non-lethal ammunition that exploits the bake audition aftereffect appears to accept been classified "Secret NOFORN" in the USA from (at the latest) 1998, until the declassification on 6 December 2006 of "Bioeffects of Selected Non-Lethal Weaponry" in acknowledgment to a FOIA request. Application of the bake audition technology could facilitate a clandestine bulletin transmission. Quoting from the aloft source, "Microwave audition may be advantageous to accommodate a confusing action to a being not acquainted of the technology. Not alone ability it be confusing to the faculty of hearing, it could be psychologically adverse if one al of a sudden heard "voices aural one's head".
The technology acquired added accessible absorption if a aggregation appear in aboriginal 2008 that they were abutting to fielding a accessory alleged MEDUSA (Mob Excess Deterrent Using Silent Audio) based on the principle.4
Electroreception has aswell been advised in the beastly world. Ritz et al., in Biophysical Journal,5 accept that transduction of the Earth's geomagnetic acreage is amenable for the magnetoreception systems of birds. Specifically, they adduce that this transduction may yield abode in a chic of photoreceptors accustomed as cryptochromes.
